Evaluating Drone Technology in Policing: Key Questions for Law Enforcement Leaders

Drone as First Responder (DFR) programs are transforming how law enforcement agencies collect information and respond to emergencies. In this commentary, former police chief Mike Moulton discusses the significance of DFR in enhancing police situational awareness, comparing it to the introduction of the police radio, while also addressing its benefits and limitations.

The Impact of Drone as First Responder Programs

by Mike Moulton

Every new technology in law enforcement is often touted as revolutionary, yet many turn out to be incremental improvements. After 29 years in the field, I approach such claims with skepticism. However, I believe that DFR represents a genuine advancement in situational awareness.

Understanding the Shift in Information Access

Historically, officers relied on limited information from dispatchers, often leading to misunderstandings about the situation they were responding to. DFR changes this dynamic by providing real-time aerial footage that can be accessed before officers arrive on the scene. This allows for a clearer understanding of the situation, enabling officers to respond more effectively.

Enhancing Aerial Awareness

For many years, only a few law enforcement agencies could afford aerial surveillance through helicopters, which are costly and limited in operation. DFR technology makes aerial response accessible to a broader range of agencies, allowing them to respond to incidents more effectively without the high costs associated with traditional aviation units.

Changing Decision-Making Processes

Access to better information is crucial, but it must also influence on-the-ground decisions. Data from established DFR programs indicates that many incidents can be resolved without deploying officers, reducing the need for potentially dangerous pursuits and confrontations. This shift in decision-making can enhance safety for both officers and the public.

Limitations of DFR Technology

Despite its advantages, DFR technology has limitations. Currently, it operates within a specific launch radius and is dependent on weather conditions and staffing. Unlike the police radio, which functions universally, DFR’s capabilities are still developing. The expansion of DFR programs is also subject to regulatory processes, which can slow down implementation.

Addressing Criticisms

A common criticism of DFR is that while it provides situational awareness, it cannot take action. However, the outcomes from existing programs demonstrate that improved awareness can lead to better decision-making, reducing the need for direct intervention in many cases.

Key Considerations for Implementing DFR Programs

For city managers and police chiefs considering DFR, several critical questions should be addressed:

• What percentage of priority calls fall within a viable launch radius? Assessing coverage is essential for determining the program’s effectiveness.
• Who has the authority to cancel or downgrade a ground response based on drone footage? Clear decision-making protocols are necessary for effective implementation.
• What is the community engagement strategy prior to launching the program? Building trust and transparency with the community is crucial for successful integration.

In conclusion, DFR technology has the potential to significantly enhance situational awareness in law enforcement, much like the introduction of the police radio did a century ago. Those who recognize and adapt to this change early will likely lead the way in modern policing practices.